Start-1M








tem









Soyuz-5
















Tsyklon-4M


Tsyklon

RD-870








 


 

 

 

 

 

Space launch vehicles

launchers

Russian operational and planned launch vehicles as of 2018.


Russian launch vehicle development strategy during the 2010s and 2020s

Overview of Russia's space launcher fleet (alphabetical):

Launcher
Manufacturing index
Base rocket
US DOD designation

Sheldon designation

Developer
Payloads, notes
Amur-5
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
A proposal
Amur-SPG (IC)
-
-
-
-
RKTs Progress
Project during the 2020s
Angara-1
14A125
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Angara-1.2
14A127
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Angara (GK)
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Angara-3
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
TKS follow-on
Angara-5M
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Angara-5P
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
TKS follow-on
Angara-5/UKVB
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Angara-5/KVTK
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Angara-5V
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
Lunar Soyuz or PTK NP
Angara-7
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
LOS
Angara-100
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Avrora (see R-7)
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
Soyuz-2
Baikal
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Berkut
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
1990s project of a light-weight launcher (2.4 tons to LEO)
Bulat
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
1990s project of a light-weight launcher
Burlak
-
-
-
-
MKB Raduga
Air-launched vehicle (1.1 tons to LEO)
Kosmos (see R-12, R-14)
63S1
R-12
SL-7
B-1
OKB-586
DS
Dnepr
-
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
Small commercial satellites
Diana
-
-
-
-
-
-
Dvina
-
-
-
-
-
-
Edinstvo
ULA-42
-
-
-
GRTs KB Makeeva
5 tons to LEO
Energia
11K25
-
SL-17/18
K/L
NPO Energia
Polyus, Buran, 166GK
Energia-2
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Energia-3
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Energia-5K
-
-
-
-
RKK Energia
Proposed circa 2013 to launch PTK NP spacecraft
Energia-5KV
-
-
-
-
RKK Energia
Proposed circa 2014 to launch PTK NP spacecraft
Energia-5V/VR
-
-
-
-
RKK Energia
Proposed circa 2016 to launch PTK NP spacecraft
Energia-M
Neitron
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Energia-K (KV, KVT)
-
-
-
-
RKK Energia
A proposal circa 2010
Faeton-2/2T
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
1990s project of Russian-produced Zenit with 2-6 solid-fuel strap-ons.
Fregat complex (see Grom)
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
1990s project of An-225-launched Grom vehicle;
Grom
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
1990s project of An-225-launched vehicle for Fregat complex;
Groza
RLA-125
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Ishim
-
-
-
-
MIT
MIG-31-based launcher
Kaskad
-
-
-
-
KGNPTs Khrunichev
PTK NP (A proposal circa 2013)
Kompas
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
-
Kvant
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Luna (see R-7A)
8K72
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
E, Vostok
Mayak
-
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
-
Molniya (see R-7A)
8K78
R-7A
SL-6
A-2-e
OKB-1
Molniya, Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond 1-3
N1/L3
11A52
-
SL-15
G
TsKBM
L-3
Neitron (see Energia-M)
Neitron
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
Neva
-
-
-
-
-
5 tons to LEO
Priboy
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
Sea-launched; 2.4 tons to LEO
Prizyv (see UR-100)
15A35
-
-
NPO Mash
SLA rescue craft
Proton-Light
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Proton-Medium
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
Proton-M-Plus
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
-
R-3
-
-
-
OKB-1
Project
R-7A/Sputnik
8K71PS
SL-1
-
OKB-1
Sputnik-1
R-7A/Luna/Vostok
8K72
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
E, Vostok
R-7A/Vostok-2
8K72V
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
-
R-7A/Vostok-2M
8K72V1
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Elektron, Meteor
R-7A/Vostok-2M
8K72V3
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Elektron, Meteor
R-7A/Vostok-2M
8K72D
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Elektron, Meteor
R-7A/Vostok-2M
8K72-2D
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Elektron, Meteor
R-7A/
8A92
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Zenit-2
R-7A/
8A92V3
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Zenit-2
R-7A/
11A92
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
Zenit-2
R-7A/Molniya
8K78
R-7A
SL-6
A-2-e
OKB-1
Molnia, Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond 1-3
R-7A/Molniya
8K78-MV
R-7A
SL-6
A-2-e
OKB-1
Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond
R-7A/Molniya
8K78-2MV
R-7A
SL-6
A-2-e
OKB-1
Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond
R-7A/Molniya
8K78-E6
R-7A
SL-6
A-2-e
OKB-1
Luna
R-7A/Molniya
8K78M
R-7A
SL-6
A-2-e
TsSKB
Mars/Venera, Prognoz, Zond 1-3
R-7A/
8A92
R-7A
SL-5
-
OKB-1
IS
R-7A/Voskhod
11A57
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
OKB-1
Voskhod
R-7A/Voskhod
11A59
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
OKB-1
Zenit-2
R-7A/Voskhod
11A510
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
OKB-1
Zenit-4
R-7A/Soyuz
11A511
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB
Soyuz
R-7A/Soyuz
11A511M
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB
Yantar
R-7A/Soyuz-U
11A511-U
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB
Soyuz-TM
R-7A/Soyuz-U2
11A511K
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB
Resurs
R-7A/Soyuz-2
14A14
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB
commercial/military satellites
R-7A/Yamal
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
Enterprise
R-7A/Avrora
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
commercial satellites
R-7A/Onega
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
Kliper
R-7A/Soyuz-2-3
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
Kliper, cargo containers
R-7A/Soyuz-3
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
Kliper
R-7A/Soyuz-1
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB Progress
commercial/military satellites
R-12/Kosmos
63S1
SL-7
B-1
OKB-586
DS
R-12/Kosmos
8K63
R-12
SL-7
B, B-1
OKB-586, OKB-52
M-12 space plane (1963)
R-12/Kosmos
11K62M
R-12
SL-7
B-1
OKB-586
DS
R-12/Kosmos
63S1M
R-12
SL-7
B-1
OKB-586
DS
R-12/Kosmos-2
11K63
R-12
SL-7
B-1
OKB-586
DS
R-14/Kosmos-1
65S3
R-14
SL-8
C-1
OKB-586, OKB-10
DS
R-14/Kosmos-3
8K65S3
R-14U
SL-8
C-1
OKB-10
 
R-14/Kosmos-3M
8K65S5
R-14U
SL-8
C-1
OKB-10
Tsikada, Strela
R-14/Kosmos-U
11K65M
R-14U
SL-8
C-1
OKB-10
-
R-14/Vzlet
11K65MU
R-14U
SL-8
C-1
OKB-10
-
R-16/Tsyklon-1
11K64
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
-
R-16-based
64S2
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
Proposal
R-26-based
66S4
R-26
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
Proposal
OR-36-based
8K69
OR-36
-
F-1-m
OKB-52
Orbital warheads
R-36-based
67S5
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
Proposal
R-36/Tsyklon-2A
11K67
SL-11
F-1-m
KB Yuzhnoe
IS ASAT
R-36/Tsyklon-3 (Tsyklon-M)
11K68 (8K67S5M)
SL-14
F-2
KB Yuzhnoe
Meteor, Okean
R-36/Tsyklon-2
11K69
SL-11
F-1-r
KB Yuzhnoe
US RORSAT
R-36/Tsyklon-4 (Mayak)
-
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
Project
R-56/RK-100
8K68
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
-
Rif-MA
?
R-39
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
Air-launched 0.95-1.7 tons to LEO
Riksha
?
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
-
RLA-120
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
A space station; military polar platform; geostationary platform
RLA-125 (Groza)
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
-
RLA-130/130A (Grom)
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
Lunar spacecraft; The MTKS-1 reusable transport
RLA-150
-
-
-
-
NPO Energia
Glushko's lunar base
Rockot
15A35
-
-
KB Salyut
Radio-ROSTO, Dumsat, Iridium, GRACE
Rossiyanka
-
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
Kliper
Rus-M
-
-
-
-
TsSKB
23 tons to LEO; PPTS spacecraft
Shtil-1N
?
R-29RM
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
125-510 kg to LEO
Shtil-2N
?
SS-N-33
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
270 kg to LEO
Shtil-3A
?
R-29RM
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
Air-launched 220 kg
Shtil-3N
?
SS-N-33 (RSM-54)
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
Ground-launched
Sodruzhestvo
-
-
-
-
RKK Energia/KB Yuzhnoe
First proposed in 1999, revived in 2012
Soyuz (see R-7A)
11A511
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
TsSKB
Soyuz
Soyuz-5
-
-
-
-
TsSKB
Original concept of a methane rocket
Soyuz-5/Irtysh
372RN18
-
-
-
RKK Energia/RKTs Progress
Originated from Sunkar concept
Soyuz-6
-
-
-
-
RKTs Progess
Light version of Soyuz-5
Soyuz-7
-
-
-
-
S7
Soyuz-5-based vehicle for Sea Launch
Soyuz-SPG (Amur-SPG)
-
-
-
-
RKTs Progress
Medium-size methane rocket
Space Kliper
-
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
1989-1991 project
Start-1
-
Topol
-
-
MIT
550 kg Zeya
Start
-
Topol
-
-
MIT
1 ton
Start-1M (IC)
-
Topol-M
-
-
MIT
700-kilograms to LEO SSO
STK
-
-
-
-
TsSKB Progress
Proposed circa 2013 for PTK NP
Strela
15A35
-
-
NPO Mash
Kondor, Kondor-E
Sunkar (a.k.a Feniks or Soyuz-5)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Surf
?
SS-N-21
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
2.4 tons to LEO
Tsyklon-2
11K69
SL-11
F-1-m
KB Yuzhnoe
IS ASAT
Tsyklon-3
11K69
SL-11
F-1-m
KB Yuzhnoe
 
Tsyklon-4
-
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
 
Tsyklon-4M
-
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
 
Ulugbek
?
-
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
 
UR-200
8K81
UR-200
-
-
OKB-52
 
UR-200-based
8K81K
UR-200K
-
-
OKB-52
 
UR-500K Proton
8K82K
SL-12, 13
D-1
TsKBM
Salyut, Mir
UR-500K-L1, L1P
8K82K
SL-12
D-1-e
TsKBM
L1
UR-500KM
8K82KM
SL-12
D-1
KB Salyut
-
UR-500(?)
11K88-YaRB
   
RD-256-based Proton with a possible nuclear upper stage
UR-700
11K87
-
   
OKB-52
LK-1
UR-700 Nuclear (Variant "A")        
OKB-52
MK-700
UR-700M        
OKB-52
MK-700
UR-900        
OKB-52
 
UR-1000        
OKB-52
 
Viktoria        
KB Mashinostroenia
 
Volna
?
R-29RL
   
KB Mashinostroenia
Submarine-launched 120 kg to LEO
Voskhod (see R-7A)
11A57
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
OKB-1
Voskhod
Vostok (see R-7A)
8K72V
R-7A
SL-3
A-1
OKB-1
 
Vulkan (see RLA-150)        
NPO Energia
Lunar excursion module (project)
Vysota
?
R-29D
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
115 kg to LEO
Vzlet (see R-14)
11K65MU
R-14U
SL-8
C-1
OKB-10
 
YaKhR-2
-
R-7
-
-
OKB-1
35-40-ton payload
Yamal (see R-7A)
-
R-7A
SL-4
A-2
RKK Energia
Enterprise
Yenisei (Russian super-heavy rocket)
-
-
-
-
RKK Energia/RKTs Progress
Project approved for development in 2018
Yenisei-5
-
-
-
-
GKNPTs Khrunichev
A mid-2010s proposal
Zenit light
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
1970's proposal of a light-weight launcher
Zenit heavy
-
-
-
KB Yuzhnoe
1970's proposal of a heavy-weight launcher
Zenit-2
11K77
-
SL-16
J-1
KB Yuzhnoe
-
Zenit-3SL
11K77
-
SL-16
-
KB Yuzhnoe
-
Zyb
?
R-21A
-
-
KB Mashinostroenia
Sprint, Meduza

 

Launch vehicles developed with Russian and Ukrainian participation:

Antares

Firefly (INSIDER CONTENT)

KSLV-1

KSLV-2 (INSIDER CONTENT)

RFA-ONE (INSIDER CONTENT)

Vega


Upper stages, space tugs:

Block D

Block D2

Block DM-03

NEW, Feb. 19: Block Sr

Briz

Briz-L (INSIDER CONTENT)

Briz-M

Drakar MB stage (INSIDER CONTENT)

Dreadnought RB stage (INSIDER CONTENT)

Dvina

Fregat

KVTK

RTB upper stage for the Yenisei super-heavy rocket (INSIDER CONTENT)

TEM nuclear-powered, ion-propelled space tug

Volga


Russian and Ukrainian rocket engines:

NEW, April 6: 11D58MF (INSIDER CONTENT)

GIRD-09

NK-33

RD-0110

RD-0110R

RD-0120

RD-0124

RD-0146

RD-0169 (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-0210

RD-0212

RD-170

RD-170MV (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-180MV (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-181

RD-191

RD-193

RD-250

RD-253/275

RD-8 (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-809K (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-810

RD-815 (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-861K

RD-862 (INSIDER CONTENT)

RD-870


Page author: Anatoly Zak; Last update: July 15, 2024

All rights reserved